Surgery
High yield
Stomach: surgical anatomy
J-shaped foregut organ from the cardia (T11) to the pylorus (L1); antrum lacks parietal and chief cells.
High yield
Blood supply of the stomach
Five named arteries from the coeliac trunk form lesser and greater curvature arcades; veins drain to the portal system.
High yield
Vagal innervation of the stomach
Anterior (left) and posterior (right) vagal trunks give hepatic, coeliac and gastric divisions; nerves of Latarjet supply the antrum.
High yield
Duodenum: surgical anatomy
C-shaped, 25–30 cm, from pylorus to duodenojejunal flexure around the pancreatic head; retroperitoneal except the first 2.5 cm.
High yield
Blood supply of the duodenum
Anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arcades join the gastroduodenal artery (coeliac) to the superior mesenteric artery.
High yield
Lymphatic drainage of the stomach and duodenum
Gastric lymph follows the arteries through 20 numbered stations to the coeliac nodes; duodenal lymph drains to pancreaticoduodenal nodes.
High yield
Kocher manoeuvre
Peritoneum lateral to the second part of the duodenum incised; duodenum and pancreatic head reflected medially off the IVC.
High yield
Acute appendicitis
A surgical emergency. Early recognition and prompt surgery prevent perforation and peritonitis.
Open appendectomy
A step-by-step guide to an open appendectomy.
Peritonitis
Causes, presentation and management of inflammation of the peritoneum.
Set-back suture technique
How to place a set-back dermal suture, and when to use it.
Bowel preparation: a review
A comprehensive review of bowel preparation for clinical practice.
Bowel preparation options in Bulgaria
Every bowel preparation available in Bulgaria in one clear chart.
Ranson’s criteria explained
A prognostic score for the severity and mortality of acute pancreatitis.
Carnett’s sign
Tells abdominal wall pain apart from pain arising inside the abdomen.
Emergency medical preparedness in India
A practical preparedness guide for emergencies, written for the Indian context.
Tumours: definition, classification and tumorigenesis
State exam topic 33: how tumours are defined and classified, and the theories of how they form.
Benign tumours of epidermal and mesenchymal origin
State exam topic 34: benign epidermal and mesenchymal tumours and the principles of treatment.