High yield
Stomach: surgical anatomy
J-shaped foregut organ from the cardia (T11) to the pylorus (L1); antrum lacks parietal and chief cells.
High yield
Blood supply of the stomach
Five named arteries from the coeliac trunk form lesser and greater curvature arcades; veins drain to the portal system.
High yield
Vagal innervation of the stomach
Anterior (left) and posterior (right) vagal trunks give hepatic, coeliac and gastric divisions; nerves of Latarjet supply the antrum.
High yield
Duodenum: surgical anatomy
C-shaped, 25–30 cm, from pylorus to duodenojejunal flexure around the pancreatic head; retroperitoneal except the first 2.5 cm.
High yield
Blood supply of the duodenum
Anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arcades join the gastroduodenal artery (coeliac) to the superior mesenteric artery.
High yield
Lymphatic drainage of the stomach and duodenum
Gastric lymph follows the arteries through 20 numbered stations to the coeliac nodes; duodenal lymph drains to pancreaticoduodenal nodes.
High yield
Kocher manoeuvre
Peritoneum lateral to the second part of the duodenum incised; duodenum and pancreatic head reflected medially off the IVC.
Basis cranii: the cerebral fossae
The anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossae and what passes through them.
High yield
The abdominal aorta
Leaves through the aortic hiatus at T12 and supplies every abdominal organ.
Celiac trunk
Supplies the stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen and the first two parts of the duodenum, at T12.
Superior mesenteric artery
The artery of the midgut, from the third part of the duodenum to the proximal transverse colon.
Inferior mesenteric artery
The artery of the hindgut. Arises at L3 and runs slightly to the left of the aorta.
External iliac artery
Continues as the femoral artery and gives off the inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac arteries.
Internal iliac artery
The main artery of the pelvis, its anterior and posterior divisions and their branches.
Liver blood supply and drainage
The liver’s dual blood supply: the hepatic artery brings about 25% of the flow, the portal vein the rest.
Popliteal fossa
The diamond-shaped space behind the knee, home of Baker’s cysts. Key to safe access to the knee joint.
Morrison’s pouch
The hepatorenal pouch: a potential space between the liver and right kidney in the supramesocolic compartment.
High yield
Calot’s triangle
Dissected in every cholecystectomy. Identify the cystic artery and duct before dividing them.
Cantlie’s line: a brief overview
The plane that divides the liver into functional left and right lobes, central to hepatectomy.
Named fascial layers
Every fascia named after a person. Essential for oral exams in surgery and anatomy.
Layers in a chest drain insertion
The layers you pass through when placing a chest drain for haemothorax, pneumothorax or effusion.
Layers in a lumbar puncture
From the skin to the subarachnoid space, layer by layer.
Layers in a C-section
Every layer involved in a caesarean section, from the skin downwards.
High yield
Acute appendicitis
A surgical emergency. Early recognition and prompt surgery prevent perforation and peritonitis.
Open appendectomy
A step-by-step guide to an open appendectomy.
Peritonitis
Causes, presentation and management of inflammation of the peritoneum.
Set-back suture technique
How to place a set-back dermal suture, and when to use it.
Bowel preparation: a review
A comprehensive review of bowel preparation for clinical practice.
Bowel preparation options in Bulgaria
Every bowel preparation available in Bulgaria in one clear chart.
Ranson’s criteria explained
A prognostic score for the severity and mortality of acute pancreatitis.
Carnett’s sign
Tells abdominal wall pain apart from pain arising inside the abdomen.
Emergency medical preparedness in India
A practical preparedness guide for emergencies, written for the Indian context.
Tumours: definition, classification and tumorigenesis
State exam topic 33: how tumours are defined and classified, and the theories of how they form.
Benign tumours of epidermal and mesenchymal origin
State exam topic 34: benign epidermal and mesenchymal tumours and the principles of treatment.
New
The practical section of the surgery state exam
High-yield tips for the practical section of the surgery state exam at MU Pleven.